Friday 3 May 2013

Nellore About Us

This article is about the city. For constituency in Andhra Pradesh, see Nellore (Lok Sabha constituency).
Nellore
నెల్లూరు
نیلور
Vikrama Simhapuri
—  City  —
Nellore is located in Andhra Pradesh
Nellore
Coordinates: 14.43°N 79.97°ECoordinates: 14.43°N 79.97°E
CountryIndia
StateAndhra Pradesh
RegionCoastal Andhra
DistrictSri Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore District
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyNellore Municipal Corporation
 • Mayor
Area
 • City144.4 km2 (55.8 sq mi)
Elevation18 m (59 ft)
Population (2011 census)[1]
 • City505,258
 • Density3,500/km2 (9,100/sq mi)
 • Metro[2]624,000
Languages
 • OfficialTelugu, Urdu[3][4]
Time zoneIST (UTC+5:30)
PIN524001-524005
Telephone code0861
Vehicle registrationAP 26
Websitewww.nelloremunicipalcorporation.org
Nellore (Telugu: నెల్లూరు,Urdu: نیلور‎) is a city and municipal corporation in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The administrative headquarters of Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore district (formerly Nellore district), Nellore is the 6th most populous city in Andhra Pradesh and the 89th most populous city in India.[5] The ancient name of Nellore was "Vikrama Simhapuri".[6]
Recently the villages of near Nellore city over 15 panchayats is merged into Nellore municipal corporation on issuing state government GOMs number145 released on march 26,2013. These panchayats population nearly 1.2 lakhs is now under ruling by corporation of Nellore.Now the city population reached upto 6.7 lakhs.
Nellore is situated about 453 kilometres (281 mi) south east of Hyderabad, the state capital, and about 173 kilometres (107 mi) north of Chennai on the Chennai-Kolkata national highway. It is located on the banks of the Penneru river. Nellore is well known for its production of mica, handmade gold jewellery, lemon, aquaculture and agricultural products such as rice. It is also famous for its temples like Sri Erukalala Parameswari Devi Temple, Ranganathaswamy Temple, Narasimha Swamy Konda, Jonnavada Kamakshi Ammavari Temple, Golagamudi Venkaya Swami Temple, Rajarajeswari temple and Penchala Kona among others. It is one of the fastest developing cities in Andhra Pradesh.

Contents

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[edit]Etymology

The word Nellore is combination of two Tamil words Nel+oor(நெல் + ஊர் = நெல்லூர்) which means Paddy Town in Tamil language.(Gazetteer of the Nellore District)

[edit]History

Tamil inscriptions indicate that it formed part of cholas kingdom till their decline in the thirteenth century A.D(Gazetteer of South India).Nellore was known by the name of Vikrama Simhapuri till the 13th century. The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. It had been under the rule of Maurya Dynasty, Kharavela of Chedi dynasty, Satavahanas, Kakatiyas, Pallavas, Cholas, Eastern Gangas of Kalinga Empire, Telugu Cholas, Pandyas, Vijayanagara Empire,Arcot Nawabs and other dynasties.

[edit]Mauryan and Pallava Empires

Nellore first came under Mauryan influence and was part of the Ashokan Empire in the 3rd century B.C.. It was next included in the Pallava Empire between the fourth and sixth century A.D..

[edit]Nellore Chodas (Telugu Chodas of Nellore)

There was a branch of the Telugu Chodas which ruled from Nellore and were the chieftains of the Kakatiyas. The Telugu poet, Tikkana, in the introduction of his Nirvachanottara Ramayanamu, gave an account of the history and antecedents of this family. These Chodas also claimed descent from the famous Karikala Chola. They ruled over their kingdom consisting of the Nellore, Cuddapah, Chittoor and Chengalput districts with Vikrama Simhapuri (modern Nellore) as their capital. Chola Bijjana was the first important chief in the Nellore Choda clan. As a feudatory of the Western Chalukya Someswara I (1042–1068) of Kalyani, he took part in the wars of the Chalukyas and Cholas. In recognition of the loyalty and services of his descendants to the Chalukyas of Kalyani, Vikramadiya II (1076–1126) appointed them as rulers of Pakanadu.
Later Tikka (1223–1248), father of the famous king Manumasiddhi II, extended the sway of the Nellore Telugu Chola family as far south as the Kaveri river. He owed nominal allegiance to the already crippled Chalukya-Chola emperors of the south, but was practically an independent ruler. Along with the Hoysala king Vira Narasimha, he helped the Chalukya-Chola ruler Rajaraja Chola III in restoring him back to his throne by repulsing the attacks of Aniyanka Bhima, Kopperunchinga II and the Pandyas. Subsequently, when the Vira Narasimha's successor Vira Someshwara, desirous of making the Chalukya-Chola ruler a puppet in his hands, joined hands with the Pandyas and attacked Rajendra III, Choda Tikka came to the rescue of the Chola emperor. He defeated both the Hoyasala and the Pandyan forces and got thereby the Tondaimandalam region for himself. He even assumed the title Cholasthapanacharya. During the reign of Tikka's son and successor Manumasiddhi II (1248–1263), the power of the Nellore Cholas was at its lowest ebb.
In the year 1260, a dangerous feud broke out between Manumasiddhi and Katamaraju, the chief of Erragaddapadu in Kanigiri region. The feud was on the issue of the rights of the two princes to use certain wide meadows as grazing grounds for their flocks of cattle. It led to the fierce engagement of the two sides and the bloody battle was fought at Panchalingala on the Paleru river. Manumasiddhi's forces led by Khadga Tikkana, the cousin of poet Tikkana won the battle, but the leader perished. This feud and the consequent battle formed the theme of the popular ballad entitled Katamaraju Katha. Shortly after this disastrous battle, Manumasiddhi II died. With the death of Manumasiddhi II, the Nellore kingdom lost its individuality, became a battle ground between the Kakatiyas and the Pandyas and changed hands frequently. In the reign of the Kakatiya ruler Prataparudra II, the Nellore region became part and parcel of the Kakatiya empire and lost its political significance.

[edit]British Raj and post-independence

Centuries later, Nellore district was taken over by the British from the Arcot Nawabs and was part of the Madras Presidency of British India. During the British rule, the district was at peace and did not undergo any major political changes, though many people from the district took part in the Indian Independence Movement.
The period after Indian independence brought about major political changes in the district. Until 1 November 1953, the district was part of the Madras state (present-day Tamil Nadu), but on 1 November 1953 when the states were reorganised on the basis of linguistic differences, the state of Andhra Pradesh came into existence, of which the Telugu-majority Nellore became a part. During that time, Nellore played an important role in the formation of the state. Potti Sriramulu, a freedom fighter, Gandhian and Telugu activist, who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore.

[edit]Geography

Nellore is located at 14.43°N 79.97°E.[7] It has an average elevation of 18 metres (59 ft).[7]

[edit]Climate

Nellore
Climate chart (explanation)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
21
 
29
21
 
 
1
 
32
22
 
0
 
35
24
 
 
14
 
38
26
 
 
21
 
38
26
 
 
45
 
38
28
 
 
48
 
36
27
 
 
54
 
35
27
 
 
73
 
34
26
 
 
143
 
32
25
 
 
135
 
30
23
 
 
46
 
31
22
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [8]
The climate of Nellore city is a typical tropical maritime climate, with warm, humid summers and mild winters. April and May are the hottest months and the hot conditions generally last till the end of the June. December, January and February are the coolest months. As the Bay of Bengal is at a distance of 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the city, the sea breeze renders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. Humidity level in the city is high due to its proximity to the coast. Nellore does not receive the south-west monsoon. Rainfall in Nellore occurs between the months of October and December due to the north-east monsoon. This period gives about 60% of the city's annual rainfall. Cyclones are common in the city during this period, causing floods and havoc.[9]

[edit]Demographics

As of 2011 Indian census, Nellore city had a population of 505,258;[1] in the same year the population of its urban agglomeration was 564,168.[2] The sex ratio in Nellore is 966 females per 1000 males.[10] Effective literacy is 83.59%; male literacy is 87.53% and female literacy is 79.52%.[10] 8.32% of the population is under 6 years of age.[10]
See also: List of cities in Andhra Pradesh

[edit]Culture

As a large percent of population is rural and dependent on agriculture, their way of life is more traditional in nature. Though the people here are progressive in thought, they prefer traditional way of life. The common dressing habits are Pants and Shirts for men and Saree for women.
Telugu is the official language of Nellore district. The other prominent languages that are spoken in the region are Urdu among the Muslim community, Hindi among the Jain community and Tamil in southern parts of the district.
It is famous for an authentic andhra sweet Nellore malai kajaa and very famous for evening snacks called pulibongaralu with Redchilli kaaram, Mirchibajji, Onion pakoda etc.........
The major form of entertainment in the district are movies. People in this region love watching movies of various kinds. And also beaches like Mypadu and Koduru where people spend their weekends.

[edit]

This is a very ancient sacred place (pilgrim centre). Legend says that Lord Narasimha manifested himself here as a huge of rock in “Yoga mudra” (in an entwined contemplative posture) and hence it acquired the name of “Penusila” (huge rock) and in course of time became famous as “Penchalakona”. Legend has it that after slaying the demon Hiranya Kasipa, Lord Narsimha bathed in Penchalakona and withdrew that “Avatara”(incarnation) of Narasimha, shedding his anger and ferocity. The Lord here goes by the name of Somasila Narasimhaswamy and has become one of the Nava Narasimhas (nine manifestations). People believe that because the sage Kanva resided in this area in the past, the river flowing here acquired the name Kanva Nadi and that with efflux of time it became Kandaleru. It is also learnt that the temple was renovated in the 10th century.
Penchalkona lies at the foothills of Veligondalu (mentioned earlier), at a distance of 80 km (50 mi) from Nellore. Narasimha Jayanthi is celebrated every year in the month of May and devotees flock specially on Saturday. The Devestanam choultries provide facilities to the pilgrims and there is bus service too.

[edit]Notable people

[edit]Education

Nellore has a university and national institute in the name of Dhanenkula, a number of schools, degree colleges and also engineering colleges. Even many medical colleges including dental colleges are also present in the region. In fact the district has a heritage of being an important educational center right from the early times which dates back to the period of formation of Andhra Pradesh.
Veda and Sanskrit college, V.R. College, C.A.M. High School and ABM High Schools RSR Municipal High Schools are the oldest educational institution in Nellore town. They were originally affiliated with either Madras University or Andhra University. After that to Sri Venkateswara University and now the colleges have become part of Vikrama Simhapuri University. The next college that came into existence was Sarvodaya college, opposite to RTC Bus stand.
On the other hand, providing educational facilities to rural areas is largely confined to the shelves of the Andhra Pradesh Government. As of 2006 Srinivasa Degree College is the only degree level college to be set up in Kovur mandal since India's Independence in 1947. A few ancient colleges which have contributed education to Nellore are
  • Vikrama Simhapuri University is the university in Nellore that was newly established in the year 2008. At present the university doesn't have permanent buildings, the works for that are in process. The university is now successfully running in the V.R. High School Campus (old law college campus).
  • Indian institute of tourism and travel management (Indians first cargo institute by ministry of tourism Govt...) is the autonomous institute in Nellore that was newly established in the year 2011. At present the institute doesn't have permanent buildings, the works for that are in process. The institute is now successfully running in the Geethanjali Campus (MBA, MCA college campus in pardhasaradhinagr)
  • Veda and Sanskrit college and school - The theosophist refers to visit of Dr. Annie besant and establishment of vedic school which later became a college.
  • Venkatagiri Raja's College (VRC) and high school: This is an aided college and the High school, The assets are once donated by Raja of Venkatagiri way back in 1885 due to the efforts of their dewan sri sunku Narayana swami chetty B.A., who is the founder of the high school in 1875. This humble beginning has grown to its peak during the years 1950-1985 with all combinations of groups, giving the best education. Due to the privatization policy of the Govt. during early 1990 it started losing its glory and could not with stand the competition and striving hard for its present position in vain. Now it remains as a landmark in Nellore town. The efforts are to be made to revive its past glory from its old students or alumni.[11]
  • PMRM High school, Ranganaylakula Pet.
  • Seshu English Medium High School (Buja Buja Nellore)
  • Infant Jesus Public School, Kondayapalem Road, Nellore.
  • Viswa Bharathi Blind School, Nellore (Near from RajaRajeswari Temple, Government Hospital (Opp)).
  • ZPP High School, Podalakur Road, Nellore.
  • PPM UP School, Nethaji Nagar, Nellore.
  • LLF School, Vedayapalem, Nellore
  • Sri Bhavani ITI, Nellore (Founded by Shri M.V. Subrahmanyam)
  • NBKR IST, Vidyanagar, Kota, Nellore.
  • Modern school, Nellore
  • Mekapatti Rajamohan Reddy Institute of Science and Technology,[12] Udayagiri
  • Sri Balaji Vidyalayam Link: Sri Balaji Vidyalayam
  • V. R. Children's Academy
  • Ratnam Group of Schools (one of the best source for school education in the city)
  • Sanghamitra Vidyalayam High School, B.V. Nagar, Nellore
  • Gomathy International School, Nellore
  • Narayana Concept School, Nellore
  • Dr. SRK School, Magunta Layout, Nellore
  • Simhapuri Public School (ICSE Residential School) surrounded by three mountains in Nellore
  • Ravindra Bharathi school
  • Global Wisdom International School
  • Sangamitra School
  • Sri chaithanya hi school "Butchireddypalem"
  • Narayana Highschool "Butchireddypalem"
  • Rathnam High school "Butchireddypalem"

[edit]Colleges

  • VISVODAYA TECHNICAL ACADEMY, Kavali
  • N B K R Science & Arts College, Vidyanagar
  • N B K R Institute of Science & Technology, Vidyanagar
  • SKR college of engineering & technology, Kondurusatram, manubolu mandalam nellore
  • Geethanjali institute of science and technology, kovur mandal, Nellore dt.
  • Audisankara College of Engineering & Technology
  • Gokula Krishna College of Engineering & Technology
  • Quba College of Engineering and Technology, venkatachalam
  • Audisankara Institute of Technology
  • Audisankara College of Engineering for Women
  • Audisankara College of P.G. Studies
  • Audisankara College of Education
  • Jagan's Institute of Management Studies, Nellore.
  • Jagan's Institute of Science and Technology, Nellore.
  • Sarvodaya College, Near RTC
  • KAC Govt Degree College
  • Rao's Degree College
  • Sana College of Computer Studies
  • Sri Venugopala Swamy College of arts and science (SVGS)
  • Dodla Kousalyamma Women's College (DKW), Podalakur Road
  • Govt Women's Polytechnic College, Opp. Bollineni Hospital
  • Agriculture Polytechnic College
  • Fishery Sciences College
  • Govt ITI College
  • Narayana Engineering College, Nellore
  • Sri Krishna Chaitanya Jr. College
  • Sri Krishna Chaitanya Degree College
  • Sri Krishna Chaitanya PG studies and MBA & MCA College
  • Narayana Engineering College, Gudur
  • Narayana Medical College, Nellore
  • Vivekananda Degree college, Nellore
  • V.R. PG College, Complex Road
  • V.R. Law College, Complex Road
  • Jagan's Degree College, Nellore
  • Sarvodaya PG Centre, Trunk Road
  • Priyadarshini college of engineering, Nellore
  • Geethanjali Institute of PG Studies, Nellore
  • Sree Bharathi Jr College
  • Sri Chandra Reddy Junior College, Nellore
  • Sri Chandra Reddy Degree College, Nellore
  • Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Nellore
  • KSN Institute Of Technology
  • Brahmas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ramanapalem, Nellore
  • Adithya P.G. & Degree college, Nellore
  • Guthikonda sreeramulu institutions "Buchireddypalem"
  • St. Mary's Degree, Bed, MEd & DEd College "Butchireddypalem"
  • Narayana Junior College "Butchireddypalem"
  • KAR Degree college "Butchireddypalem"
  • Srichaitanya Junior college "Butchireddypalem"

[edit]Other schools

  • Sai Saraswathi English Medium School, Achari Street, Nellore
  • Koryu Gojuryu Karate School, Magunta Layout, Nellore
  • Kung Fu School, Martial Arts Nellore 2nd Floor, Beside Basota Hotel, Near Bosubomma Center, Nellore

[edit]Member of Parliament

  • Shri. Mekapati Rajamohan Reddy (YSR CP)

[edit]Economy

The factors which have aided the economy of Nellore to flourish are proximity to the sea and fertile land towards the eastern part of the district. The district has a cultivable area equal to 41.3 percent. The predominant occupation of the people of Nellore is agriculture and the crops which are most commonly grown in the district are Paddy, Jowar, Bajra along with Tobacco, Chillies, Groundnut and sugarcane. Based on these crops a number of agro based industries have come up in the district like rice bran oil plants, rice and parboiled rice mills and sugar factories.
Aqua culture in the district is also of prime importance. It includes prawn and fish culture. Many people in the district depend on aqua culture for their subsistence.
The handloom sector of the district is also a major small scale industry of the district and a large number of people depend on it for living. Some of the important industries of the region are Mica Mines and thermal power plant. The Krishnapatnam port which is located 20 kilometers from the district serves as a major center for economic activity of the district.
Hand made gold jewellery studded with precious and semi precious stones is main small sector industry in Nellore its being supplied to all over south Indian markets its biggest small sector industry biggest booster to Nellore economy as well.
Nellore is emerging as one of the most leading gold jewellery producer.
Dairy is an upcoming industry in Nellore district.
The branded retailers like Peter England, Reliance, Levis, Reebok, Kalyan Jewellers, Joyallukkas Pepe Jeans, Adidas, Basics & Lenin club etc. have started their outlets.

[edit]Tourism

The region has a combination of religion, nature and history in its expanse of tourism. Some of the famous temples of the region are Ranganayaka Temple, Jonnawada, Penchalakona, Mahalakshmi temple in Fathekhan Pet, Narasimhskonda, Erukalala Parameswari Temple, Barashahid Dargha, Rajarajeswari Temple, Mulasthaneswara Temple (Lord Shiva), Ayyapa Temple, Golagamudi, Kasumur Dargha, Adavilo Vinayakudu (Gudur), Ammavari temple in Sulurupeta, Srivenkateswarapalem (between Bitragunta and kavali), Someswaralayam (Somasila) and a lot more. The places in Nellore district which are a treat for the eyes of a traveler are Somasila Dam, Kandaleru Dam, Pulicat Lake and the Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary. The Udaygiri fort which is at a distance of 100 kilometers from Nellore stands as a historical testimony of the region.

[edit]Transportation

[edit]Rail

Nellore railway station is well connected by rail to most parts of India. Nellore is a very important railway station in the South Central Railway and lies on the arterial Vijayawada-Chennai section which connects Tamil Nadu and Kerala to North, East and Northeast India. Nellore railway station also falls under the Chennai Suburban Railway, lying on theNorth Line which terminates at Bitragunta.

[edit]Road

Nellore is well connected by road to all the major cities and states in India. National Highway 5 from Chennai to Kolkata, which is a part of the Golden Quadrilateral expresswayproject, passes through Nellore. It is just 173 km from Chennai by road.
The city is well connected by APSRTC buses from all parts of Andhra Pradesh, Chennai and Bangalore and by TNSTC buses from Chennai. Nellore is a zonal headquarters in the APSRTC,[13] covering Nellore, Prakasam and Chittoor districts. There are 2 bus stations in the city-
  • RTC Bus Station- It is situated to the south of the city opposite Sarvodaya college. All intercity and interstate buses arrive and depart from here.
  • PSR (Potti Sreeramulu) Bus Station- It is situated in the heart of the city near the railway station. It is commonly known as Atmakur Bus Station. All buses to destinations within the district arrive and depart from here.

[edit]Sea

Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. (KPCL) was formed by winning the mandate from the Govt. of Andhra Pradesh to develop the existing minor port into modern, deep water & high Productivity port, on BOST (Build–Operate-Share-Transfer) concession basis for 50 years. The port is being built in three phases. Post the completion of the first phase in a record time of 18 months, Krishnapatnam Port was dedicated to the nation on July 17, 2008. Currently the second phase of development is underway. Port has numerous strengths like its area, location, weather and the credentials of CVR Group that is promoting this port; it will soon be poised to become one of the biggest ports in the world.

[edit]Air

The nearest airport is at Tirupati, which is 130 km from the city. However, the services from this airport are limited to Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Mumbai and Delhi. The nearest major airport is the Chennai International Airport at Meenambakkam, about 189 km from the city, which is an international airport providing connectivity to all parts of India and the world..
The Government of Czech Republic has evinced interest in building a domestic airport in Nellore.[14] However so far no concrete work has been done on this front as the process of land acquisition for the airport is posing a problem.[15]

[edit]Entertainment

Kotha Koduru, Maipadu, Ramateertham and Mutthukuru, Toopilipalem are the beaches near Nellore. These beaches are a cheap and cool way to get away from the hot sun during the extended summer. Nellore has at least 100 km of coastline yet does not have any water sports activities.

[edit]Gallery

  • A 3-star hotel in Nellore
    •  
  • G.N.T. (Grand North Trunk) road, the main arterial road of Nellore city
    •  
  • Penchalakona, a sacred place near Nellore

[edit]References

  1. ^ a b "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (pdf). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  2. ^ a b "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (pdf). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  3. ^ "Language in India". Language in India. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  4. ^ The Milli Gazette, OPI, Pharos Media. "Urdu second official language of 5 more districts of AP, The Milli Gazette, Vol. 2 No. 19". Milligazette.com. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  5. ^ Indian Census Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
  6. ^ "Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore District". Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  7. ^ a b Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Nellore
  8. ^ "January Climate History for Nellore". Myweather2.com. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  9. ^ http://nellore.nic.in/geography.htm
  10. ^ a b c http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/416-nellore.html
  11. ^ Čeština (2008-02-15). "V.R. College Alumni Group". LinkedIn. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
  12. ^ "meritstech.in". meritstech.in. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
  13. ^ http://www.apsrtc.gov.in/Officers%20and%20Employees.aspx
  14. ^ http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/31/stories/2010123153050300.htm
  15. ^ http://avindia.blogspot.in/2012/09/minister-upset-over-delay-in-nellore.html


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